Colombia is located in the northwest of South America. It is known for its exceptional biodiversity, and its coffee and emeralds. It is not landlocked nor an island and has five border countries which are Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Some major geographical features are the Andes mountains, the Llanos, and the Amazon Rainforest. It is home to many animals and about 10% of the species of the Earth live in Colombia, including over 1,900 species of bird, more than in Europe and North America combined. Colombia has 10% of the world's mammals species, 14% of the amphibian species and 18% of the bird species of the world. As for plants, the country has between 40,000 and 45,000 plant species, equivalent to 10 or 20% of total global species, which is even more remarkable given that Colombia is considered a country of intermediate size. Colombia is the second most biodiverse country in the world, lagging only after Brazil which is approximately seven times bigger. Colombia is the only country in South America with coastline on both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. While the Caribbean coast is developed and populated, Colombia's Pacific coast is wild and remote. Colombia's climate varies with its different altitudes. Colombia has a diverse range of climate zones, including tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes, deserts and mountain climates. The three main climatic zones are the hot country, the temperate country, and the cold country. It is mostly tropical along the coast and eastern plains and cooler in the highlands. Below 1,000 m (3,281 ft) in elevation is the warm altitudinal zone, where temperatures are above 24 °C (75.2 °F). About 82.5% of the country's total area lies in the warm altitudinal zone. Above 4,000 m (13,123 ft), where temperatures are below freezing, the climate is glacial, a zone of permanent snow and ice.